Mastering the relationship between architecture, heritage and energy transition in Île-de-France is a major challenge. This booklet proposes to feed a common reflection to make the built heritage and architecture levers of the ecological transition in the sustainable development of territories in Île-de-France. Presented in three parts, this document focuses in the first place on "Protected areas", then on "Built surfaces and protections, statistical data", finally, the last part questions the efficient energy renovation.
Energy renovation, heritage and architectural quality
In the Île-de-France region, 27% of the territory, representing about 46% of the m² built, is covered by protection based on the opinions of the architects of the Bâtiments de France (ABF) under the heritage and environmental codes. The most important areas, in inscribed sites, are however only a simple non-binding opinion for the administrative authorities, with the exception of demolition permits; the rest of the territory falls under the policies of the communities and their local planning (PLU). These protection tools are an asset for the regional territory and the tourist attractiveness: they guarantee the quality of architecture, heritage and landscapes. In the context of the necessary energy renovation, it is therefore essential to promote qualitative solutions for architecture and to exploit the full potential of the initial design in terms of energy performance and sustainability of the building. In addition, inadequate renovations can lead to new pathologies. It is therefore important to study on a case-by-case basis the most suitable solutions: thermal insulation from the outside (ITE) or from the inside (ITI), renovation of existing coatings or use of coatings to preserve the facade reliefs, insulation of the attic, change of joinery...
Maps and statistics: knowledge to act
The 46% of the existing building stock located in a protected area are therefore fully involved in climate change mitigation and adaptation policies. This study provides a quantified assessment of the weight of the buildings concerned by at least one heritage protection. It aims to show the importance of this park to encourage stakeholders to seek renovation solutions that are both qualitative, sustainable and efficient, under conditions of costs and deadlines that are bearable by economic actors and citizens.
Adapted solutions to find
Île-de-France has a significant amount of heritage buildings. They present unique challenges in energy renovation due to their architectural features. Improving their energy efficiency while protecting the initial qualities of their design requires tailored solutions.
Thermal insulation from the outside (ITE) can in some cases be a welcome opportunity to recompose facades.
HBM Gai Logis Saint-Denis (93), renovation of the building by A&B architectes © A&B architectes
This successful project of thermal insulation by the outside offers an aesthetic respecting the initial brick condition on the facades side street, while the elevations in the heart of island are treated in a contemporary way, with a gradient of shades ensuring the transmission between street and courtyard.
Similarly, the installation of photovoltaic panels must be designed to respect the architecture and readability of the building. The composition must be consistent and not bend only to the constraints of the existing roof elements (chimney stumps, dormers, chassis...) ; the most suitable slopes for the installation of photovoltaic panels can be chosen according to their orientation and visibility.
Ferme de Villarceaux in Chaussy (95) © Photo: Ecosite association
A sewer and shore-to-shore installation ensures greater discretion, creating an awning along the facade
Download the booklet Heritage and energy transition in Île-de-France - maps and statistics
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