1.1509 - Lévêque campaign
Saint-Louis in the 15th arrondissement
Literature references: 20th century heritage, domestic architecture
X edition directory no. 1509, p. 44. 2005
Conception & writing T. Durousseau arch. 2007
designation: Lévêque Campaign or Groupe Saint-Louis
Ledru-Rolin Boulevard, Saint-Louis 13015
Lambert 3: latitude 3.01901; longitude 43.3435
Access: bus no. 25: Bougainville - Saint-Antoine, bus no. 26: Bougainville - Sainte-Marthe, bus no. 70: Canebière Bourse - Saint-Exupéry
Owner: OPAC Sud, 80 rue Albe, 13234 Marseille Cedex 4, 04 91 12 71 00
program: Housing group of 806 housing units.
Contracting authority: Office Public d'HLM départemental des Bouches-du-Rhône.
Set of 5 buildings. Schools.
dates, authors: Exempted from PC. Works: 1957-1959.
J. Rozan, chief architect, R. Egger, group head architect, L. Poutu and L. Olmeta, operation architects.
Bet SMET.
Companies, Chagnaud, Travaux du Midi, Caillol.
Lenclos, a colorist.
site: Butte de Saint-Louis, south of the Séon basin, and the Lycée Saint-Exupéry, former bastide overlooking the slaughterhouses of P. Coste. Altitude between 72.00 and 52.00 m. Residential area G on the Master Planning Plan of 1949.
mass plane: Articulated on the site of a monumental 17-cage bar. Two spike bars on the plateau, shorter bars in the slope. Spreading: R+11 to R+13.
frame: Industrial buildings, large reach (5.40 m), prefabricated panels. crane road. Fairly good general condition. Rehabilitation 1982-87.
cf. records: 1318 - Frais Vallon - 1425 - The Blue Navy [identical plans]
sources: AD: 2071 W 8 (28.606), 165 W 36, 12 O 294-295, 1750, 7 FTEs 339-345, 65 J 10, 113 J 61
RCF Database
TPFE T42
Marseille Magazine no. 37
Background:
The law of 24 May 1951 opens the technical policies of the Ministry of Reconstruction and Urban Planning under the impulse of E. Claudius-Petit, by the creation of a ten-year plan of the Industrial Sector. The Strasbourg competition, of which E. Beaudouin will be the winner, illustrates this new housing policy: economy of scale with groups of 800 housing units, 18-month turnaround times, groups of teams: architects, BET, companies, Technical processes controlled by TBSC. A very specific benefit program is offered to the 25 accredited teams.
Among the winners of the 1951 competition, the P. Vago team with A. Dunoyer de Segonzac will be ranked fifth.
A. Dunoyer will be commissioned by Meyer Heine to compose the Saint-Gabriel plan for 800 dwellings. Retained on his project of Santo Domingo, he will not continue his mission, J. de Mailly will carry out in 1953 a detailed plan on the site.
In Marseilles, only the second tranche of the Industrial Sector was introduced in 1952. It will include the hierarchical organization of the reconstruction: chief architect, group leader and operation architect. A second operation will be undertaken on the grounds of the Navy with the same plans but with a group leader and different architects of operation.
Description:
On a backdrop of a large bastidaire property descending the slope and probably devalued after the construction of the slaughterhouses of Pascal Coste completed in 1851, The repeats of the mass plan indicate the evolution since the amplification of an average operation towards the solution realized around a monumental bar 40 m high and 275 m long placed just on the southern edge of the plateau of Saint-Louis Les Aygalades. J. de Mailly, the architect of the department, was probably the one who planned very large buildings for his detailed plans. As such, Sector G of the Master Plan for Urban Development advocated large open spaces and a density of 100 dwellings per hectare with reserves for school facilities. Hence this very large-scale composition that inaugurates situations that will be found in the sixties with X. Arsène Henry as consulting architect (La Rouvière).
The large bar placed, only the two buildings at right angles and located to the north create a framed space, surrounded by cliffs. The other buildings follow the slope, a little isolated from the rest of the composition. A large ensemble is created on the heights of Saint-Louis with for the only equipment the very important school group. Innovation is not in the urban program, but in the constructive system, the result of the technical policy that the Industrial Sector explicitly aimed at.
In fact, the buildings of Campagne Lévêque will be realized with a structure of concrete sails whose reach of 5.40 m is quite unusual for this type of financing program HLM ordinary. To measure this technical evolution, the current ranges were close to the wooden constructions, that is to say of the order of 4.50 m, if one excepts the project of reconstruction of Le Havre (1948, 1958) The 6.24 m of Le Havre was regularly criticized because it housed hardly three reasonably sized rooms. The Marseilles operations of La Marine and Campagne Lévêque will use a single frame of 5.40 m with refends of 0.20 m thick which is favorable for the acoustics of the apartments. Before these dimensions can be recovered it will be necessary to wait for the seventies and the innovation models to see the generalization. However, their efficiency will be poor due to the narrowness of the buildings and the ventilation of the central parts (before the generalization of mechanical ventilation, late in Marseille).
The other technical value consists in the complete prefabrication of the facades, consisting of light ribbed panels with a 0.04 m wall whose alveoli are filled with expanded plaster, relatively light and insulating for the time. The lifting apparatus remains rare, they move along the so-called crane path. In addition, the width of the panels will not exceed 1.20 m, multiplying the joints and the risk of defects.
Authors:
Jean Rozan, architect, (1887-1977),
student of Pontremoli, graduated in 1919, realized the Offices of the Paquet Company. In 1936, he built the Green Factories of the SNCASE and then scientific and technical buildings such as the TSF relay of the Réaltor or the Soufflerie of the Laboratory of Fluid Mechanics. He participated in the International Exhibition of 1937 and became architect of the Chamber of Commerce then in 1948 that of the Interprofessional Housing Committee. After the war, he built a lot of social housing:
Les Rosiers (#1427),
Les Tilleuls (#1326) or
The Aygalades (#1518).
René Egger, architect,
born in 1915, graduated in 1941, he is associated with F. Pouillon from 1944 to 1953 and will be noticed by his management of the Nestlé factories. Architect BCPN, he will be until 1968 architect council of the Ministry of National Education.
Louis Poutu architect
is registered in 1941 with the Order of Architects. Head of group on the reconstruction of the Port, he carries out industrial social programs associated with J. Lajarrige.
Louis Olmeta, architect,
born in 1906 in Marseille, carries out in 1950 the experimental operations of the Canet (#1418) and La Pomme (#1133) and the dwellings of Abbé Pierre, in 1955. His association with G. Candilis on La Viste (#1521), with G. Gillet on the King of Spain.
Associated files:
- Map of the 15th arrondissement of Marseille
- Printable Monograph Record
© Thierry Durousseau, 2004-2005
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