1.0316 - Racati
Saint-Lazare, south of the 3rd arrondissement
Literature references: 20th century heritage, domestic architecture
n° répertoire édition X : 0316, p 7. 2005
Conception & writing T. Durousseau arch. 2007
designation: Le Racati - Saint-Charles
rue Rolmer, quartier Saint-Lazare 13003
Lambert 3: latitude 3.03949; longitude 43.3056
Access: metro no. 1 and 2: Gare Saint-Charles, bus 49a and 49b: Canebière - boulevard de Strasbourg
Owner: Habitat Marseille Provence, 25 avenue de Frais Vallon, 13388 Marseille Cedex 13, 04 91 10 80 00
program: Housing group of 270 housing units.
Contracting authority: Office Public d'Habitations à Loyer Modéré de la Ville de Marseille.
Set of 6 buildings, shops on Rolmer Street.
dates, authors: Building Permits: 1948. Delivery: 1958.
Ito Marcuccini, architect, engineer.
F. Guis, sculptor.
Company, Mr. Clave, structural.
site: East of the station, south of the hill of the Gaston Berger city. Altitude between 37.00 and 35.00 m. Residential area E on the Master Planning Plan of 1949.
mass plane: Articulated with the Sogima buildings of Rolmer street. Gables in spikes compared to the city entrance, connection by long gallery.
Spreading: R+7, R+11.
frame: Buildings built of rubble, stone facing of the bridge of Gard on the ground floor, joints engraved in the floors, roof terraces with concrete pergolas. Good general condition.
sources: AD: 2071 W 2 (8.832, 8.834), 12 O 109, 2183. AM: 631152
RCF Database
Background:
The entrance of the central city from the north was one of the constant preoccupations of the town plans of Marseille from J. Grébert to E. Beaudouin. through A. Leconte. The latter, in Marseilles between 1946 and 1952, will propose a plan of details including the operation of the Racati until Saint-Charles where he will carry out an interesting postal sorting (being demolished today). In 1949, the city adopted the Master Urban Plan, which was replaced in 1974 by the Land Use Plan.
That same year, 1949, the Ministry of Reconstruction and Urban Planning launches its first contest with the architects and the enterprises in order to find solutions allowing to lower the cost by the employment of the industrialized methods and to reduce the delays of construction of groups of 200 housing. The results published in 1949 in Architecture Française will influence the aesthetics of HBM Cheap Housing towards newer forms of housing. The creation of low-income housing in 1950 will be based on the results of this competition.
Description:
The last determining factor in the Racati operation remains the arrival of the north track, originally conceived as a wide avenue lined with back alleys. It is a two-lane two-lane motorway that bumps on a red light from Aix in the late 1960s. Between this alignment and Rolmer Street, the mass plan is organized in comb, articulating a passage with the HBM buildings of Rue du Racati which it inscribes in a series of open islets.
On the side of the motorway, there is a suite of four buildings of equal height (R+8) distributed at right angles to the track. A long covered gallery connects the gables at the bedrock level and forms an alignment, finished by a small two-storey connecting building above the stilts. This element transforms the most northerly buildings into an open front towards Rolmer Street. This plan in cob will be continued by the Turenne (175 dwellings, 1958, P. Jaume architect) which will ultimately form a linear of importance.
To the east of Rolmer Street, the path opened by the HBM buildings breaks out into an esplanade bordered by a long building of 12 levels (standard of the competition of 1949), forming a real barrier with the programs of Saint-Charles Hill (University, student residence).
The buildings of identical invoice will be realized in three tranches delivered between 1950 and 1954. The successive plans show that the overall project has been modified several times both in its overall plan, which initially occupied the land dedicated to the highway, and in the construction technique, first in traditional masonry and then in concrete structure.
The architectural writing remains marked by an overlay of registers. Stone base of the bridge of the Gard comprising the cellars and one to two levels on the slope of the building foot.
The base is crowned by a triangular cornice of cold stone; beyond, the full body of facade is covered with a clear coating engraved with false joints evoking a modular panelling. The bay frames that were eroded during the last rehabilitation were then made up of a half-round perimeter that gave a solid model to the openings of the facade.
No balcony for these dwellings, which nevertheless have drying loggias located on the front of the span of the staircase behind concrete walls forming a continuous vertical mesh on the wall. Thus, the monumentality of the buildings resulting from the repetition of the windows from which the motif of vertical lines is detached masks in reality a space of use: dryer adjoining the kitchen with garbage can and washing tray.
The motif ends with a massive coronation, containing various machinery and ventilations, emerging from the terrace covered with concrete pergolas.
At the top of each of the vertical motifs, surmounted by a pediment, a colossal figurative key is adorned with a cast concrete allegory signed by F. Guis. The presence of sculptures is common at this time, as evidenced by the reconstruction projects of the Old Port.
Author:
Ito Marcuccini, engineer and architect,
born in 1897 and graduated in 1939, his first registration with the Order dates from 1946, he is still registered in 1986. This resistant engineer and activist architect works after the war with cooperatives.
Martigues, les Ferrières, hospital, 1951,
Port de Bouc, offices, 1955,
Marseilles, Crimea, dwelling, 1956,
Port de Bouc, Tassy, house, 1957,
Marseilles, Turenne, house, 1959,
Marseille, Felix Piat, house, 1959,
Marseille, boulevard National, dwelling, 1960,
Marseille, Montechristo, dwelling, 1961,
Marseille, rue Sainte-Cécile, house, 1961,
Marseille, boulevard Pelletan, house, 1963,
Marseille, rue Garoutte, house, 1963,
Marseille, le Gyptis, habitation, habitation, 1964,
Marseille, rue du Sud, housing, 1964,
Marseille, rue L. Grobet, housing, 1964,
Marseille, Plein Soleil, house, 1969,
Marseille, C. Flammarion, house, 1972,
Marseilles, View of the City, house, 1974.
Associated files:
- Map of the 3rd district of Marseille
- Documented Monograph Record
© Thierry Durousseau, 2004-2005
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