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  • Biens culturels spoliés, recherche et restitutions
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  1. Mission de recherche et de restitution des biens culturels spoliés entre 1933 et 1945
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The Mission de recherche et de restitution des biens culturels spoliés entre 1933 et 1945 (M2RS) collaborates with numerous public and private institutions in France and abroad.


In France
Abroad
Art market
 

In France

Commission pour l'indemnisation des victimes de spoliations intervenues du fait des législations antisémites en vigueur pendant l'Occupation (CIVS)

Established on the recommendation of the Mattéoli mission, the CIVS is responsible for examining individual claims made by the victims or their beneficiaries for compensation for damages resulting from the dispossession of property resulting from anti-Semitic legislation taken during the Occupation, by both the occupier and the Vichy authorities.
http://www.civs.gouv.fr/

Le Service des Musées de France (ministère de la Culture, Direction générale des patrimoines et de l’architecture)

The SMF oversees the museum policy of the Ministry of Culture. He oversees national museums and several educational and research institutions in the heritage field. He is in charge, with the support of the regional cultural affairs directorates, of the scientific and technical control over the Museums of France. 
He is also the guarantor of the application of the heritage code (conservation and management of public collections entrusted to the museums of France).
https://www.culture.gouv.fr/Thematiques/Musees/Les-musees-en-France/Les-politiques-des-musees-de-France/Le-service-des-musees-de-France

Service du livre et de la lecture (ministère de la Culture, Direction générale des médias et des industries culturelles)

The Book and Reading Service provides an evaluation and regulatory role in the field of the book chain, particularly in the fields of bookshops and publishing, public reading, digital and heritage policies.
https://www.culture.gouv.fr/Sites-thematiques/Livre-et-lecture/Service-du-Livre-et-de-la-Lecture

Le service interministériel des Archives de France (SIAF)

SIAF defines, coordinates and evaluates the State’s action in the collection, conservation, communication and development of public archives for administrative, civic, scientific and cultural purposes.
https://francearchives.fr/article/26287441 
SIAF has published a guide to research on the dispossession of art during the Second World War: https://francearchives.fr/section/82632085/

Archives Nationales

The National Archives has an important collection on the Second World War, including archives on provisional administrators in the context of economic «aryanisation» during the Occupation and the Vichy regime (Sub-series AJ/38; Commissariat général aux Questions Juives).
https://www.archives-nationales.culture.gouv.fr/

Archives du Ministère de l’Europe et des Affaires étrangères

The archives of the MEAE preserve the archives produced by the French services in charge of the recovery of cultural property stolen during the Second World War.
https://www.diplomatie.gouv.fr/fr/archives-diplomatiques/toutes-les-actualites/article/archives-de-la-recuperation-artistique-convention-de-partenariat

Archives de Paris

The judicial funds of the Paris Archives allow research on the activities of Parisian auctioneers (minutes and sales minutes) or on the illicit profits of the Seine department prescribing the confiscation of profits from commercial operations with the enemy, the black market or any other illicit speculation carried out between 1 September 1939 and the legal date of cessation of hostilities (that is, 1 June 1946 under Law No. 46-991 of 10 May 1946).
http://archives.paris.en/

Institut National d’Histoire de l’Art

INHA is particularly invested in issues of dispossession, through a research programme «Directory of the actors of the art market in France under the Occupation (1940-1945)» (RAMA), the organization of a seminar «Heritage plundered during the period of Nazism (1933-1945)» in connection with the Mission for the Search and Restitution of Looted Cultural Property between 1933 and 1945, or program on the identification of spoliated documents kept in its library. 
https://www.inha.fr/en/index.html

L’Institut national du patrimoine

The mission of the INP is the recruitment by competition and the initial training of curators of the heritage of the State, the territorial civil service and the City of Paris. The INP also offers a very wide range of permanent training courses for heritage professionals, including one on “Cultural Objects Looted during the Second World War: Provenance Research and Exploitation” in coordination with the Mission for the Search and Restitution of Looted Cultural Property between 1933 and 1945. 
http://www.inp.fr/Formation-initiale-et-continue/Formation-continue/Catalogue-de-formation/Biens-culturels-spolies-pendant-la-Seconde-Guerre-mondiale-recherche-de-provenance-et-valorisation
http://www.inp.fr/

L’École nationale supérieure des sciences de l’information et des bibliothèques

ENSSIB is both a large public institution of higher education in information sciences and libraries and in history responsible for training the state executives of libraries, curators and librarians, recruited by competition, and a specialized university, delivering the master’s degree and two establishment degrees. 
ENSSIB is a partner of the INP and the Mission de recherche et de restitution des biens culturels spoliés between 1933 and 1945 for training on disposals.
https://www.enssib.en/

Ambassadrice pour les droits de l’Homme en charge de la dimension internationale de la Shoah, des spoliations et du devoir de mémoire

In February 2021, Delphine Borione was appointed Ambassador for Human Rights, responsible for the international dimension of the Holocaust, spoliation and duty to remember.
https://www.diplomatie.gouv.fr/fr/politique-etrangere-de-la-france/droits-de-l-homme/l-ambassadrice-pour-les-droits-de-l-homme/

Office central de lutte contre le trafic de biens culturels

The OCBC is the French judicial police service responsible for the search for cultural property (notably works of art) stolen from individuals or cultural institutions (museums for example), as well as the fight against counterfeit art, and in particular the offences of deception and fraud that result from them.
https://www.police-nationale.interieur.gouv.fr/Organisation/Direction-Centrale-de-la-Police-Judiciaire/Lutte-contre-la-criminalite-organisee/Office-central-de-lutte-contre-le-trafic-de-biens-culturels
His work is based in particular on the tool of recognition of works Treima (Thesaurus of Electronic Research and Imaging in Artistic Matter).

Fondation pour la Mémoire de la Shoah

The FMS helps survivors, transmits the legacy of Judaism, and expands knowledge about the Holocaust by supporting projects led by institutions.
https://www.fondationshoah.org/memoire

Mémorial de la Shoah

The reference institution in Europe on the history of the Shoah includes the Memorial of the Unknown Jewish Martyr and the Centre for Contemporary Jewish Documentation.
https://www.memorialdelashoah.org/

Généalogistes de France

Founded in 2004, Genealogists of France is the national organization representing the genealogist profession and its two specialties, the successorial genealogists and the family genealogists. Genealogists of France signed on 24 June 2015 an agreement with the Ministry of Culture whereby the organization provided free of charge the research necessary to identify the rights holders of the six owners of twenty-seven works “National Salvage Museums” (NMCs) identified as spoliated.
https://genealogistes-france.org/

 

Abroad

The Mission for the Search and Restitution of Cultural Objects Looted between 1933 and 1945 is part of the network of European Restitution Commissions, bringing together the German, Austrian, British and Dutch institutions.

Beratende Kommission im Zusammenhang mit der Rückgabe NS-verfolgungsbedingt entzogenen Kulturguts, insbesondere aus jüdischem Besitz (Allemagne)

The Advisory Commission in the context of the restitution of cultural property confiscated as a result of Nazi persecution, in particular Jewish property, may be seized of disputes concerning the restitution of cultural property seized from its owners, following the persecution during the Nazi period. The appeal may be brought by the former owners or their successors and by the institutions and persons who hold the cultural property.
https://www.beratende-kommission.de/Webs_BK/DE/Start/Index.html

Kommission für Provenienzforschung (Autriche)

Under the 1998 Art Restitution Act, the Commission for Research on Provenance is responsible for the systematic search of federal collections holdings. The results are forwarded to the Advisory Council on the Restitution of Works of Art, which then makes a recommendation on restitution to the federal minister responsible.
https://provenienzforschung.gv.at/en/

Spoliation Advisory Panel (Royaume-Uni)

The Advisory Committee on Plunder deals with the claims of owners of cultural property plundered during the Nazi period, or their successors, when such property is kept in the British national collections.
https://www.gov.uk/government/groups/spoliation-advisory-panel

Restitutiecommissie (Pays-Bas)

The Restitution Committee assists families filing applications for restitution of art objects stolen by the Nazis (works of art confiscated or sold under duress during the Nazi regime) which today belong to the Dutch State (national collections) or a provincial or municipal government institution, foundation or individual. 
https://www.restitutiecommissie.nl/

The newsletter of the committee network:

Newsletter

Newsletter, January 2023 - No. 15
Newsletter, September 2022 - No. 14
Newsletter, May 2022 - No. 13
Newsletter, December 2021 - No. 12
Newsletter, October 2021 - No. 11
Newsletter, June 2021 - No. 10
Newsletter, April 2021 - No. 9
Newsletter, January 2021 - No. 8
Newsletter, September 2020 - No. 7
Newsletter, May 2020 - No. 6
Newsletter, January 2020 - No. 5
Newsletter, October 2019 - No. 4
Newsletter, August 2019 - No. 3
Newsletter, June 2019 - No. 2
Newsletter, March 2019 - No. 1

Other international partners:

Deutsches Zentrum Kulturgutverluste (DZK)

The DZK (Centre des œuvres d'art disparues) is a foundation created by the German Federal State and several Länder and municipalities, to support the search for sources of cultural property stolen from their Jewish owners during the Nazi period, but also property seized and looted during the Soviet occupation and in the GDR, or property from the colonial context. DZK funds provenance research and manages the database www.lostart.deon lost and sought-after cultural property.  

A cooperation agreement between M2RS, CIVS and DZK was signed in Berlin on 22 May 2019, in order to facilitate exchanges and strengthen the Franco-German research network. https://www.kulturgutverluste.de/

Commission for Looted Art in Europe (CLAE)

CLAE is a non-governmental organization that researches, identifies and recovers stolen goods on behalf of families and all types of actors worldwide. It encourages governments and cultural institutions to work to identify looted cultural property and to seek its rightful owners. It makes available to the public a vast collection of information and data on cultural objects looted between 1933 and 1945 at www.lootedart.com.
https://www.lootedartcommission.com/ 

Holocaust Claims Processing Office (État de New York)

Holocaust Claims Processing Office (New York State)
The Holocaust Compensation Office (HCPO) defends the interests of Holocaust victims and their heirs, seeking the fair and equitable restitution of property to their original owners. 
https://www.dfs.ny.gov/consumers/holocaust_claims

The Jewish Digital Cultural Recovery Project (JDCRP)

The objective of the digital Jewish cultural recovery project is the creation of a complete list of cultural objects that were stolen from the Jews by the Nazis and their allies, describing the fate of these objects from the time of the plunder until today. The project is a joint initiative of the Commission for Art Recovery (Commission for Artistic Recovery) and the Conference on Jewish Material Claims Against Germany (Conference for Jewish Material Claims against Germany), also known as the Claims Conference.
https://jdcrp.org/

Art market

Drouot patrimoine

Drouot Patrimoine ensures the conservation and exploitation of the documentary collection of auction catalogues and other archives related to the activity of the Drouot Group. As part of the M2RS-led provenances research projects, Drouot facilitates access to its paper and digital documentary holdings, including its sometimes annotated sales catalogues. An agreement was signed on June 16, 2021.

 

Consult the other sections

  • Request for restitution or compensation
  • Mission, objectives and competences
  • Looted cultural property
  • Cultural property MNR and Base Rose Valland (MNR-Jeu de Paume)
  • Historical and legal documentation
  • Source search, tools and method
  • Museum and library professionals
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Biens culturels spoliés, recherche et restitutions

  • Looted cultural property
  • Biens Musées Nationaux Récupération (MNR)
  • Mission, objectives and competences
  • Partners

Aide et outils pour la recherche

  • Historical and legal documentation
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  • Recherche de provenance, outils et méthode
  • Professionnels des musées et des bibliothèques

Request for restitution or compensation

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