Attributions
Decree No. 81-646 of 5 June 1981 relating to the powers, duties and functions of the Minister of Culture
Decree No. 88-729 of 30 May 1988 relating to the powers, duties and functions of the Minister of Culture and Communication
Decree No. 88-735 of 1 June 1988 relating to the powers, duties and functions of the Minister delegated to the Minister of Culture and Communication
Decree No. 88-823 of 18 July 1988 relating to the powers, duties and functions of the Minister of Culture, Communication, Major Works and the Bicentenary
Decree No. 88-835 of 20 July 1988 relating to the powers, duties and functions of the Minister delegated to the Minister of Culture and Communication, Major Works and the Bicentenary, in charge of Communication
Decree No. 88-859 of 8 August 1988 relating to the duties of the Secretary of State to the Minister of Culture, Communication, Major Works and the Bicentenary, in charge of Major Works
Decree No. 91-560 of 18 June 1991 relating to the powers, duties and functions of the Minister of Culture and Communication, spokesperson for the Government
Decree No. 91-575 of 20 June 1991 respecting the powers, duties and functions of the Minister delegated to the Communication
Decree No. 91-574 of 20 June 1991 relating to the duties of the Secretary of State for Major Works
Decree No. 91-1094 of 21 October 1991 respecting the powers, duties and functions of the minister responsible for la francophonie
Decree No. 92-395 of 16 April 1992 relating to the duties of the Minister of State, Minister of Education and Culture
Decree No. 92-426 of 7 May 1992 relating to the duties of the Secretary of State for Communication, who is delegated to the Minister of National Education and Culture
The priorities of its policy
An unprecedented increase in the department’s resources
Thanks to the unfailing support of the President of the Republic, the budget of the Ministry was doubled in 1982 and then gradually upgraded, from 2.6 billion francs in 1981 to 13.8 billion in 1993. This budgetary growth, at a rate double that of the State, affects all areas: one billion was previously spent each year on historic monuments, compared with two at the end of the period; archeology funds quintuple and archaeologists are titularized; research funds and personnel double, as well as the resources of national theatres and dramatic decentralization. Subsidized theatre companies will increase from 200 to 600. The dance is out of the margin where it vegetated: thirteen permanent companies take root; during this mandate, 1,200 museums are helped and at the end of the period, 300 museums are being renovated; 22 regional museum acquisition funds (FRAM) were created by a State - Regions partnership, with a total of 300 million francs. In the field of contemporary art, 22 regional contemporary art funds (FRAC) were created with the same partnership. By the end of the journey, they had raised 400 million francs. In 1990 the first regional library acquisition funds (FRAB) were also set up with the regions.
An ambitious book and reading policy
The Law No. 81-766 of 10 August 1981 the same book will be sold to the public at the same price by all retailers, small booksellers or supermarkets; It will enable many high-quality bookshops to be maintained and sometimes modernised by helping them to be computerised. Jean Gattegno, the new director of books and reading, oversees the creation of the last 17 departmental lending libraries and their decentralization for the benefit of the general councils. It profoundly reformed the national centre for letters, developing the translation sector and multiplying systems of assistance to authors. It ensures an unprecedented growth of municipal libraries through an ingenious system: the creation, within the general decentralization endowment, of a special competition of libraries, a lever that allows the creation of more than 50,000 m2 of library space each year. It extends the areas of intervention of the ministry by inter-ministerial actions in the fight against illiteracy and in the organization of reading in prisons, hospitals, schools, businesses. It promotes the decentralisation of common technical services by creating regional administrative and cooperative structures: regional book advisers, regional associations and the National Cooperation Centre.
The official consideration of new artistic fields
Jack Lang gives legitimacy to artistic fields previously considered marginal or minor such as song, popular music, jazz, decorative arts (fashion, advertising, design). The ministry creates a National Song Centre, funds rehearsal venues for rock groups, subsidizes 80 small «cafés-musique» venues for contemporary music, five or six very large halls called Zenith, in Paris and the provinces. Jazz has a subsidized «national orchestra». From 1991 onwards, the fashion industry received research grants from the National Association for the Development of Fashion Arts (ANDAM). Culinary art is also officially recognized and is the subject of administrative and financial competitions.
Strengthening arts education in schools
The appropriations devoted to it are multiplied by a hundred during the period, starting from a figure that is certainly very low at the beginning (500,000 francs) but still very insufficient at the end of the period. In high schools more than one hundred «sections of specialties» prepare baccalaureates with artistic option; 700 «cultural classes» take place every year at all levels; the operation «college in cinema» involves 120,000 students and 15,000 teachers will raise awareness of the art of film.
Support for national cultural industries
In the field of cinema, innovative financial arrangements are adopted such as those that organize the new Film and Cultural Industries Financing Institute (IFCIC), or the new film and audiovisual financing companies (SOFICA) created by the Law of 11 July 1985 which constitute investment companies intended to raise private funds devoted exclusively to financing film and audiovisual production in return for tax exemptions.
In 1983, Lang created the Agency for the Regional Development of Cinema (ADRC), whose objective was to maintain and develop a diversified network of cinemas throughout the country and to facilitate access to these cinemas by printing additional copies. From 1986, the financial support account of the film industry to help all sectors of production also focuses on support for audiovisual productions and benefits from levies on the resources of television channels.
Broadcasting quotas and obligations for the production of original French and European cinematographic and European works have been imposed on television channels in order to protect the national and European programme industries. The European directive «Television without borders», adopted on 3 October 1989, also prescribed the broadcasting of a majority proportion of European works. Jack Lang has successfully defended the retention of quotas specific to original French-language works in French law before the European Commission. The Law 86-1067 of 30 September 1986 on freedom of communication, as amended by law n°92-61 of 18 January 1992 sets broadcasting quotas and obligations for the production of original French and European cinematographic and European works on television channels, in order to protect the national and European programme industries. Jack Lang has successfully defended the retention of quotas specific to original French-language works in French law before the European Commission. It was also provided for by the same law, the possibility for the Conseil supérieur de l'audiovisuel (CSA) to introduce in past agreements with radios, quotas of works interpreted by French or French-speaking artists.
Leveraging partnerships with local communities and other government departments
In ten years 1000 cultural development agreements have been signed with 500 local authorities. These conventions aim to ensure a balanced distribution of the cultural offer in the territories and to facilitate public access to culture.Jack Lang is also committed to signing memoranda of understanding with several ministries: with national education, defence, justice, agriculture, the Secretary of State for the Handicapped, etc.
The development of institutions of artistic training of excellence
The Institut des hautes études cinématographiques (IDHEC) is renovated. The two Superior National Conservatories of Music (of Paris and Lyon) are relocated in two ultramodern architectural achievements. A National School of Heritage is designed, which is a kind of National School of Administration of Museums and Historical Monuments. The École du Louvre expanded and strengthened. In the newly recognized artistic fields, national institutions were opened. In 1982, a national school of photography was created in Arles, in 1983, in Angoulême a training school for comics, in 1984 in Paris a national school of industrial creation, in 1985 in Châlons-sur-Marne a national school of circus, in 1992 in Marseille a national dance school entrusted to Roland Petit....
Opening up to foreign countries
Great foreign artists are systematically welcomed to Paris, including to lead institutions such as the Odeon, the Orchestre de Paris, the Opéra de Paris. It is no longer just a question of promoting national culture abroad as the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of each country tries, but of welcoming with brilliance and efficiency all the cultures of the world, in Paris and in the provinces. The credits of «international action» are also multiplied by a hundred compared to a very weak beginning. A «House of World Cultures» is created. African music and cinema are professionalized and internationalized from Paris. An international audiovisual fund is created.
Better-paid authors
The Law of 3 July 1985 on copyright and the rights of performers, producers of phonograms and videograms and audiovisual communication undertakings provides for the institution of rights related to copyright, the inclusion of software in the lists of copyrightable works and the institution of remuneration for private copying.
Accelerate the movement of deconcentration and initiate decentralization
During the decade the number of members of the 22 regional directorates (DRAC) will increase tenfold. On 15 November 1984, Order in Council 84-1007 establish a Regional Commission for Historical, Archaeological and Ethnological Heritage (COREPHAE) with each Commissioner of the Republic of the region. It modifies the inscription procedure on the Supplementary Inventory of Monuments.
In the wake of the Defferre 2 March 1982, the Ministry also decentralizes the central lending libraries to that of the departmental archives whose services pass under the authority of the general councils.
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