Risk of fire or panic on cultural sites
The opening of an ERP is subject to security and firefighting obligations that are required at the time of construction and during operation. The applicable safety regulations vary depending on the classification of the building.
Occupational fire regulations stipulate that buildings must be equipped with fire prevention, detection and firefighting devices (smoke detectors, fire alarms, automatic extinguishing systems, RIA, etc.) and evacuation systems (emergency exits visible through emergency lighting). For the erp regulation, the establishment must also be designed to allow rapid evacuation of occupants. The evacuation plan and safety rules must be visible and recorded at each building level.
Compliance with safety standards is monitored when applying for ERP authorisation: application for building permits, development work, application for authorisation to open the establishment.
In the event that LES do not comply with safety obligations, their owner (or constructor or operator) may:
- a temporary or permanent administrative closure ordered by the mayor or prefect (after the opinion of the departmental advisory committee on security and accessibility),
- criminal sanctions (fines up to €45,000 and imprisonment).
Most fires have human origins (recklessness, maliciousness, technical causes, etc.) but the cause of fires can also be energetic (sparks, chemical reactions, short circuits...).
Article 4227-39 of the Labour Code specifies that staff members must know how to use the permanent means at their disposal.
In this sense, the fire formation foresees several possibilities
- Theoretical fire formation
- Training guides and file holders
- Handling of fire extinguishers
- Real-time evacuation exercise in the presence or not of the public...