If the investigations on architecture of the second twentieth century are now about ten years old, this heritage remains largely less recognized by the edility and the public, hence the interest of the censuses and monographs proposed here. Logically, after the census phase, which delimited the corpus of ensembles and residencies in Marseilles in its extension, the aim was to reduce their contours in order to develop a greater understanding, formalized by the monograph sheets. By definition, they reflect only one object of the corpus, but all the monographs thus constitute a collection covering a series of similar objects allowing the construction of typologies, classifications and comparisons.
1.0820 - Prado Park
8th district, seaside south of the city
documentary references : 20th century heritage, domestic architecture
X Edition directory no. 0820, p15. 2005
Conception & writing T. Durousseau arch. 2007
designation: Prado Park
411 avenue du Prado, Saint-Giniez district 13008
Lambert 3: lat.3. 04861; long. 43.2677
Access: metro 1: La Timone - La Rose, metro 2: Bougainville - Sainte-Marguerite
bus no. 19: metro Castellane - Montredon, bus no. 83: metro roundabout - Joliette
Owner: Syndicate of Co-owners
program: Housing group of 245 apartments, set of 6 buildings.
dates, authors: Building Permits: 1958. Completion of works from 1960 to 61.
Builders: Perrin and Laville.
Jean Rozan, Faure-Ladreyt & Fernand Nemoz, Henri Poullaillon, architects.
Company, Perrin and Laville, builders.
site: On the main bed of the Huveaune, near the great Saint-Giniez, along the avenue du Prado in its part towards the sea. Land slightly sloping towards the northwest, altitude between 5.70 and 7.33 m, area of 3.6 ha. Residential area D (Overall project, low right-of-way) on the Master Urban Plan of 1949.
mass plane: Now plan the alley and a grove of the old park. Urban villas on the avenue, curved bar of great breadth and tower towards the inside.
Spreading between R+2, R+7 and R+10.
frame: Buildings in reinforced concrete frame, very glazed entrances, Brouzé stone facing. Very large apartments. Very good general condition.
sources: AD: 2071 W 11 (37.512), 165 W 203
Habitat collectif, Special issue of the Revue de la Chambre de Commerce, 1960
Background:
The beginning of the sixties marked a turning point in the generalization of urban and architectural typologies produced during the previous decade, mainly intended for mass housing. Ensembles such as the Ile de France and, on the Avenue du Prado, Prado Parc illustrate this phenomenon. From the end of the twenties, the situation of the beautiful neighborhoods evolved with the mobility of large Marseille families in the territory of the city. Thus, they pass from the central districts, active places of power and representations, towards the south, and more notoriously towards the districts of Saint Giniez on the southern part of the street Paradis and along the second Prado. These new beautiful neighbourhoods will be born from the alliance of family cohesion and residential concentration.
In 1960, the magazine of the Chamber of Commerce published a special issue on the new housing projects of Marseille, city then considered as one of the largest projects in France. Lucien Cabaniol, who heads the IRES - Economic and Social Research Institute - states that the housing group has become the most reasonable solution; he enshrines the generalization of modern housing models.
The study compares a number of housing groups, from basic housing to luxury housing, including low-cost housing, Logeco and so-called comfort operations, with regard to the neighbourhood units they represent.
Description:
Naturally, Prado Parc is located on the site of a villa, the Villa Tergeste which will be demolished on occasion, but of which it remains the fence gates, the portal, the tree path and the roundabout of the main entrance. Three elements dominate the plan of mass, a wide curved bar of 135 m of opening; a tower and a bar, the whole culminating between 7 and 10 floors. On the edge of Avenue du Prado, behind the fence, two two-storey urban villas take up the alignment of the avenue and frame the entrance gate.
If the structure of the buildings is concrete, the acoustic comfort is particularly cared for with a floating slab which is also a heating floor. The apartments are of course widely sized, there are living-rooms, small living rooms, deshabilloirs and each kitchen has a galley, sometimes with independent access. The original program provides about fifty rooms of good: the attributes of the bourgeois apartment are here present.
The curved bar, which has a few penthouses on the roof, is relatively thick, it contrasts a south facade all in balcony, to a north facade organized by the bands of lighter and regular trumeaux plated with Brouzé dandruff stone.
The tower of the same height as the bent bar is a good example of an acclimatized distribution at noon. With four apartments per floor, it directs the stays so that none of them give north. The balconies are south, east or west. This type of distribution would become a school for architects from Marseilles who, for the most part, would avoid settlements and distributions in the north or northwest that were too unfavourable because of the mistral.
On the ground floor, the entrance halls are generously arranged, playing with the separation of the presentation spaces with the service rooms by concrete skylights opposed to the large glass walls without carpentry.
Finally, the floors in continuity of the ground floor apartments are privatized which has sometimes made possible the implantation of pools.
Author:
Jean Rozan (1887-1977)
At the age of 21, he chose to study architecture at the Beaux-Arts de Paris in the Pontremoli workshop.
The war interrupted his studies, he completed his diploma in 1919. Installed in Marseille in 1920, he built the offices of the Compagnie Paquet, those of the Compagnie de Navigation Mixte and the gendarmerie barracks of Cap Janet.
In 1936, with the nationalization of aeronautics, he built the S.N.C.A.S.E Green Factories around the Étang de Berre, with the participation of Jean Prouvé.
He will also carry out the TSF relay of the Réaltor, the Soufflerie of the Laboratory of Fluid Mechanics and the Institute of Biochemistry of Saint-Charles.
Winner, with Castel, Allard, and Gensollen of the competition for the Pavillon de la Provence (International Exhibition of 1937), he became architect of the Chamber of Commerce and, in 1948, architect of the Comité Interprofessionnel de Logement des Bouches-du-Rhône.
After the war, he rebuilt the base of Notre-Dame de La Garde, partially destroyed during the fighting.
From the 1950s onwards, it carried out major social and even very social housing programmes, including:
La Blancarde, 80 accommodations for the CIL, 1952,
La Marine Blanche, 120 units with B. Martin Chave, 1953,
Lou Trioulet, 257 dwellings for the departmental OPHLM with P. Faure Ladreyt, 1954,
La Paquerette, 1956, Les Rosiers Residence, 727 units for CIL, 1957,
Mazargues, 300 dwellings for the departmental OPHLM with P. Faure Ladreyt, 1957,
Les Tilleuls, 391 dwellings for the departmental OPHLM, 1958,
Les Olives, 431 dwellings for the departmental OPHLM, 1960.
As Group Leader of the Industrial Sector:
The Blue Navy, 788 homes, 1958,
Lévêque Campaign, 806 homes, 1959,
The Aygalades, 598 dwellings for the departmental OPHLM, 1965.
Associated files:
- Map of the 8th district of Marseille
- Documented Monograph Record
© Thierry Durousseau, 2004-2005