Protected areas and historical monuments
The effects of the protection of Historical Monuments (MH)
Approaches:
Originally, the law of 31 December 1913 was only intended to protect the monuments themselves, not what surrounds them. The awareness and the need to preserve the old centres will lead to the introduction, by the law of 25 February 1943, of the concept of historical monuments, articles 13bis and 13ter. They define the public utility easement that applies within a 500m radius originating from the historic monument. The field of visibility of the monument requires the ABF to issue its visa in accordance with any request for authorization of works.
28 communes Martinique on the 34 components of the island have one or more historical monuments. The distribution by municipality is as follows:
- 28 Historical monuments in Fort-de-France
- 15 Historical monuments in Saint Pierre
- 5 Historical monuments in Trinidad and Three Ilets
- 4 Historical monuments in Carbet and Saint-Anne
- 3 Historical monuments in Case-Pilote, Diamant, François, Lamentin, Prêcheur and Robert
- 2 Historical monuments in Basse-Pointe, Ducos, Grand'Rivière, Lorrain, Marin, Saint-Esprit and Vauclin
- 1 Historical monuments in Ajoupa-Bouillon, Anses-d'Arlet, Fonds-Saint-Denis, Gros-Morne, Morne-Rouge, Sainte-Luce, Sainte-Marie and Schoelcher
The ZPPAUP (architectural, urban and landscape heritage protection area) were created by the decentralisation laws of 7 January 1983. They aim to define in agreement between the State and the communities the modalities of management of an urban area of heritage interest. The law 2010.788, known as the Grenelle law of 12 July 2010 in its articles 28 to 31 defines the architectural and heritage development areas (AVAP) which will replace the ZPPAUP on 14 July 2015 (Order in Council 2011. 1903 of 19 December 2011 and sections L642. 1 to 8.).
In Martinique, two ALOCs are being studied: Fort-de-France and Trois-Îlets.
The Saved Sectors:
The Law of 4 August 1962 on protected areas, known as the «Malraux Law», makes it possible to preserve, beyond the monuments and their surroundings, constituted urban complexes.
These sectors are chosen for their historical, aesthetic and cultural interest, and for their architectural and urban quality. There are specific urban planning rules, grouped together in a «Plan de sauvegarde et de mise en valeur» (PSMV) which has the status of urban planning document and therefore replaces the «Plan local d'urbanisme» (PLU). The PSMV takes into account all the urban problems of the neighbourhoods considered.
The Architect of the Buildings of France ensures the consistency of the provisions entered in the safeguard plan and then checks compliance with these provisions.
All exterior work and interior renovation projects, in a safeguarded sector, must be submitted to the Architect of Buildings of France.
There is no safeguarded sector in Martinique.